Conventional crowds are those who come together for a scheduled event that occurs regularly, like a religious service.
Casual crowds consist of people who are in the same place at the same time but who aren’t really interacting, such as people standing in line at the post office. Turner and Killian (1993) identified four types of crowds. Examples include a group of people attending an Ani DiFranco concert, tailgating at a Patriots game, or attending a worship service. It takes a fairly large number of people in close proximity to form a crowd (Lofland 1993).
There are three primary forms of collective behavior: the crowd, the mass, and the public. In short, collective behavior is any group behavior that is not mandated or regulated by an institution. Other examples are a group of commuters traveling home from work and a population of teens adopting a favorite singer’s hairstyle. Forms of Collective Behaviorįlash mobs are examples of collective behavior, noninstitutionalized activity in which several or many people voluntarily engage. It certainly interrupts our otherwise mundane routine with a reminder that we are social animals. Perhaps experiencing a flash mob event enhances this bond. Humans seek connections and shared experiences. Challenges can lead to chats, recollections, and repeats. But successes and failures on social media can tie people together. While flash mobs are often intensely designed and rehearsed in order to give the impression of spontaneity, challenges don't always go according to plan: Cinnamon is too intense, buckets may fall on people's heads, or a bottle breaks on the floor. They are often recorded or live streamed, and are sometimes planned to celebrate an event or person. Spontaneous gatherings like this are called flash mobs. While tensions were building over Ukraine's efforts to join the European Union, and even as Russian troops had taken control of the Ukrainian airbase in Belbek, the Odessa Philharmonic Orchestra and Opera Chorus tried to lighten the troubled times for shoppers with music and song. In March 2014, a group of musicians got together in a fish market in Odessa for a spontaneous performance of Beethoven's “Ode to Joy” from his Ninth Symphony. Figure 21.2 Is this a good time had by all? Some flash mobs may function as political protests, while others are for fun.
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